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Infertility In Nigeria
Gracie Martensen WCSN, Nadia Othman WCSN, Olivia Torregrossa WCSN
Wagner College, Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing
Introduction
● The burden and stigma associated with infertility in
Nigeria has many disadvantages to female mental health.
● The problem found correlated with this community and
population is the social impact concerning the lack of
education of infertility in Nigerian communities
● The overall question here is: How can we use education to
decrease the stigma of infertility in Nigerian men and
women?
Nigerian Community Assessment &
Analysis
● Nigeria has approximately 162 million people in their
country with a total of 36 states.
● The capital of Nigeria is Abuja.
● The country is primarily English spoken but does not
flourish in areas of lower education status.
● Hausa and Fulani are in the North, Igbo is the religion in
the Southeast, and Yoruba inhabits the Southwest
● The maternal mortality in developing countries is a serious
public health problem and contributes to the low life
expectancy in Nigeria.
● Women’s health screening is not a priority in low
socioeconomic groups. Women are less educated than
men. 4
● Health Problems in Nigeria:
● Major causes of infertility in Nigeria is infection: STDs, post
abortal and puerperal sepsis 2
● An IVF treatment costs around US $2500 meanwhile, the
minimum wage is $52-$60 a month. 1
● Health problems that are also prevalent in Nigerian
2
communities are depression, HIV/AIDs and hypertension.
Problems In the Community
● Infertility is a major healthcare problem within
the Nigerian Community. The Worldwide Health
Organization (WHO)10 defines infertility as, “a
disease of the reproductive system defined by
the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12
months or more of regular unprotected sexual
intercourse.”
● Infertility has run rampant on the continent for
both men and women in Nigeria; but it is women
who have to hold the burden of allegedly living
an incomplete and unsuccessful life as the
community sees her for not barring a child.
○ Research suggests that infertility is
widespread in the Sub-Saharan ranging from
13-17% (Infertility Survey in 27 Sub-Saharan
African Countries including Nigeria)1.
● The cultural perspective behind women who are
infertile causes a psychosocial issue. This includes
those in need of emotional care and medical
support.
○ This can support a woman to have a child
down the line.
○ It can also provide education for couples on
other opinions of parenthood.
● Nigerian's culture shines a dark light on those
who are struggling to conceive.
● The result of infertility is a traumatic life with
suffering, personal grief, frustration, social stigma,
ostracism and economic deprivation for both
men and women
● Continued shame women receive from their
family and their husbands will cause psychiatric
mental health issues.
● The social stigma against these women must be
dropped.
○ Infertile women need to have early psychiatric
screenings and therapy, if needed,
incorporated into their care of treatment.
Proposed Solution
● Infertility is caused by sexually transmitted
diseases/ and untreated sexually
transmitted infections. Without proper
medical care and routine check ups to
evaluate such infections before they can
progress into infertility is key to decreasing
the prevalence of the issue 8.
The proposed
solution would be to create an innovative health
program called Education About Infertility and Empowerment
for couples of Nigeria
This program would include:
1. Educational seminars to the men and women of Nigeria.
Included in the seminar would be:
● The causes of infertility
● Safe sex practices
● Resources that are available to them such as local
clinics that provide STD testing and other screening
and let them know where they are located
● Information about how insufficiencies in the male
reproductive tract could cause difficulty conceiving a
child and it is not always caused by only the women
1. Group therapy sessions for women:
● Allows for a safe area for women who are experiencing
infertility to express how they are feeling
● Provide a support system for Nigerian women of
childbearing age
● Coping strategies
● Empowerment
● Ways to leave an abusive relationship 5
○ This includes educating the population
on how important it is to get screenings
and check ups routinely. Without this it
leaves space for untreated infections to
spread to your ovaries and fallopian
tubes, once it reaches this point it is
difficult to carry out a pregnancy 9.
● It is crucial to close in on the gap causing
the widespread issue of increasing
infertility in Nigeria. Poor Nigerians not
having access to primary care physicians is
a factor 6.
● The problem for this population is the
negative stigma that is associated with
infertility is causing mental health issues in
these women.
Our Goal:
To end the negative stigma associated with Nigerian women of
childbearing age who are considered inferile. By increasing the
awareness to all people of Nigeria about the causes of infertility
the women will receive less physical and mental abuse.
● Provide education to all people of Nigeria
about infertility including why it happens
and ways to prevent it. The more
education these women receive the more
likely they are to seek help.
Learning Objective goals are:
● Increase education for all individuals of Nigeria on infertility
and will identify three different causes of infertility
● Nigerian couples will identify a location where they will go for
help for infertility and participation in support groups
● Infertile women will vocalize feelings of empowerment and
less feelings of guilt or shame 5
● It is important to help infertile women
navigate where services are to help them
with their physical and mental health.
References
13
Akinloye, O., & Truter, E. J. (2011). A review of management of infertility in Nigeria: framing the ethics of a national health policy. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163656/.
2.
3
● Social Stigma of Infertility in Nigerian women
● The community frowns upon infertile women. The
community members first advise the husband to take
another wife when they find out their wife is unable to
7
bear children.
1.
Awofala, A& Ogundele, O. (2016). HIV epidemiology in Nigeria. Saudi journal of biological sciences. (2018)25. 697-703.
3.
Innocent Ahamefule, N. & Onwe, F.(2015). The Plight of Infertile Women in Nigeria. Journal of policy and development studies. 9(3). 39-46.
4.
Mohammed-Durosinorun, A. (2019) Use and pattern of previous care received by infertile Nigerian women. Fertility research and practice. 14(5). 1-8
5.
Naab, F., Lawali, Y., Donkor, E. S., (2019) “My mother in-law forced my husband to divorce me”: Experiences of women with infertility in Zamfara State of Nigeria. PLoS ONE 14 (12):
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225149
6.
Neubourg, D. (2016, October 21). Infertility definitions and terminology. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/definitions/en/.
7.
Nieuwenhuis, SL. et all. (2009). The Impact on Infertile Men and Women in Badan, Oyo State Nigeria: A Qualitative Study. African journal of reproductive health, 13(3) 85-98.
8.
Reed, H. (2014). Capitalizing on Nigeria’s demographic dividend: reaping the benefits and diminishing the burdens. NIH public access. 27(2). 319-330.
9.
Unknown, C. D. C. (2014, January 23). STD Facts - Chlamydia. https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm.
10. Unknown, U. (2020). Healthy People 2030 Framework. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/About-Healthy-People/Development-Healthy-People-2030/Framework .
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Gracie Martensen
Nadia Othman
Olivia Torregrossa
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Infertility in Nigeria
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Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing
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Nursing