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Neonatal Mortality in Somalia
Abby Bryant WCSN, Maya Barr WCSN, Caridad Lambert WCSN
Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing, Wagner College
Introduc%on
Solu%on
Problem In the Community, Cont.
Our proposed solution involves our innovative health program, Right
In Somalia, there has been an ongoing issue of high neonatal mortality
● “Babies born to the poorest families are more than 40 per cent
rates. Due to lack of medical supplies, clean water, and nutritious food, it is
more likely to die during the newborn period than those born to
hard for Somalis to give birth to healthy babies and once born, keep them
the least poor.” {7}
healthy. Due to millions of these neonates dying in Somalia, families suffer
● Somalia is relatively poor, and they do not have access to
from the loss of a child. Mothers, fathers, brothers, and sisters must take
education or healthcare.
Foot, that targets the specific community health goal of having safer
deliveries and lower infection rates in Somalia by focusing on educating the
community on three major key factors: Infection prevention, proper
postpartum care, and proper training of traditional birth attendants. Right
Foot was designed to ensure every family in Somalia going forward has an
the psychological toll of losing a child or sibling and try to continue on
● When comparing the rates of neonatal mortality to those of the
opportunity to start or add their beautiful new addition to their families on
with their everyday lives. Another problem that Somalis face is a decrease
United States we notice that the numbers of the US are a lot
the right foot and not with tragedy or complications that could have been
in their population. Although their census’ are not very accurate, it still puts
better than Somalia.
prevented.
them at a very high mortality rate for neonates .[1]
● The United States had a rate of 5.8 infant deaths out of 1000
which is .58%. {8}
of midwife led continuity of care (MLCC) can reduce preterm
5 [2]
births by up to 24%.” {8}
• 45 stillbirths occur everyday [2]
● MLCC “is a model of care in which a midwife or a team of
• Mortality rate for neonates are 40 deaths every 1,000 births [2]
midwives provide care to the same woman throughout her
• 3.3 million Somali’s are in need of health services[2]
• Somalia’s population is 15 million [3]
• The role of a women is to stay in the house, cook, clean and take care of
children [4]
• Somalis are nomadic [1]
• Almost all Somalis are Sunni Muslims [1]
• Most births happen at home with a midwife [1]
• Breastfeeding is best for Somali women [1]
• Limited access to doctors [1]
• Al-Shabaab bans the Red Cross [5]
The power of spreading awareness and in education will create a ripple
effect that will allow the Somalian people best tackle this issue.
Right Foot’s success will be due to its specific program activities
that will help the population understand the proposed solution to their high
rates of neonatal mortality. The goal is to help implement these activities all
over Somalia and for it to hopefully later become their new standard of care.
• 1 out of 12 women die every year during pregnancy or childbirth [2]
• 52% of Somalia has access to a basic water supply [2]
treatment after birth are directly related to neonatal mortality in Somalia.
programmes,” and in settings with these programs, “the provision
every 100 before they turn 1 year old, and 1 out of 8 children before age
• 1.2 million children were affected by malnutrition [2]
infection prevention. Lack of quality care at birth or skilled care and
● In the United States, there are “well-functioning midwife
• 4 out of every 100 children die during the first month of life, 8 out of
birth, pneumonia, measles, or neonatal disorders [2]
solution to this problem heavily focuses on educating the community on
● This puts Somalia at 63.6 times higher than the United States.
Community Assessment and Analysis
• 80% of newborn deaths are from prematurity, asphyxia, problems during
Infection is one of the top causes of neonatal mortality in Somalia. The
pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period” {7}
Problem In the Community
Key activities include in person training of attendants, family education, and
● Many mothers do not stay in the facilities as long as suggested,
access to education information for the community. These activities are led
● Globally, Somalia holds the greatest threat with a neonatal
mortality rate of 36.9 percent.
● Most common cause of death is due to “preterm birth, intrapartumrelated complications (birth asphyxia or lack of breathing at birth),
infections and birth defects.” {6}
● Birth asphyxia is when the baby is depleted of oxygen during birth
long enough that there is damage to the brain.
● The infections that cause death in neonates include sepsis
pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria.
● “Babies born to mothers with no education face almost twice the
which is 24 hours post delivery. This could be due to low income
or poverty which does not allow for the mother to utilize the
same quality of resources for the length of time that more wealthy
mothers are able to.
● 24 hours post delivery is the most essential time for the newborn
by three learning objectives for Somalia that were created for Right Foot.
These learning objectives include:
- understanding effective infection control practices
- obtaining proper postpartum care
- educating birth attendants using a teach-back method
as it adapts to its new environment. Without the proper care, the
newborn is at risk for death due to complications.
● The infant mortality rate is a great representation of the overall
health status of the community. This includes the poverty levels
and socioeconomic status levels within the general neighborhood
risk of dying during the newborn period as babies born to mothers
and the availability of quality health services and medical
with at least a secondary education.” {7}
technology. {9}
References
{1} Thaver D, Zaidi AK. Burden of Neonatal Infections in Developing Countries. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2009;28(1).
{2} UNICEF Somalia [Internet]. UNICEF. 2021 [cited 2021Mar29]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/somalia/
{3} Population growth in Somalia [Internet]. Worlddata.info. [cited 2021Mar29]. Available from: https://www.worlddata.info/africa/somalia/populationgrowth.php
{4} Abdullahi MD. Culture and Customs of Somalia [Internet]. Google Books. Greenwood Publishing Group; [cited 2021Mar29]. Available from:
https://books.google.com/books?id=2Nu918tYMB8C
{5} Fighting for Peace in Somalia [Internet]. Google Books. Google; [cited 2021Mar29]. Available from:
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cCxhDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=somalia%2Band%2Bhistory&ots=85qK3IrGz6&sig=pVEX6MWljLemiR6hWalD_2aMxo#v=onepage&q=somalia%20and%20history&f=false
{6}Every Child Alive: The urgent need to end newborn deaths [Internet]. UNICEF DATA. 2020 [cited 2021Mar31]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/resources/every-childalive-urgent-need-end-newborn-deaths/
{7}Newborns: improving survival and well-being [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; [cited 2021Mar31]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborns-reducing-mortality
{8}Reduce the rate of infant deaths [Internet]. Healthy People 2030. [cited 2021Mar31] Available from:https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browseobjectives/infants/reduce-rate-infant-deaths-mich-02
{9} CARE's humanitarian work in Somalia [Internet]. CARE. 2020 [cited 2021Mar31]. Available from: https://www.care.org/our-work/where-we-work/somalia/
{10}Country cooperation strategy for WHO and Somalia: 2010–2014 [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2010. Available from:
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/113223/CCS_Somalia_2010_EN_14487.pdf
{11} El Ansari W, Rahman S. Neonatal mortality: incidence, correlates and improvement strategies. [Internet]. Google Books. Google; 2012 [cited 2021Mar31]. Available from:
https://books.google.com/books?id=FR2aDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA37&ots=f4RbvSXnyV&dq=neonatal+mortality+in+somalia+improvement+strategies&lr&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=n
eonatal%20mortality%20in%20somalia%20improvement%20strategies&f=false
{12} Midwives at heart of Somalia's new reproductive health strategy [Internet]. World Health Organization. World Health Organization; 2013 [cited 2021Mar31]. Available from:
https://www.who.int/features/2013/somalia_skilled_birth_attendants/en/.
(13} Newborns: improving survival and well-being [Internet]. World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborns-reducingmortality
(14}Tolessa BE. Factors determining neonatal mortality in Ethiopia and interventions to improve neonatal health. [Internet]. bibalex.org. 2015. Available from:
http://bibalex.org/baifa/Attachment/Documents/Ixx0dtlE75_20161108110304327.pdf
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Maya Barr
Abby Bryant
Caridad Lambert
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5/1/2021
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Neonatal Mortality in Somalia
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Lorrie DeSena/ Tina Marie Petrizzo-Hughes
Evelyn L. Spiro School of Nursing
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Nursing